20 Facts & Statistics About Chemicals in Cosmetics & Beauty Products

Cosmetics play an integral role in our daily lives, enhancing our beauty, boosting our confidence, and allowing us to express ourselves. However, behind the allure of cosmetics lies a complex world of ingredients, many of which are a concoction of chemicals. First incorporated into cosmetics almost a century ago, the use of chemicals is nothing new to our everyday lives, also commonly found in our cleaning, gardening, and other household products.

While cosmetics have undergone significant advancements, concerns have been raised about the safety and potential health risks associated with the chemicals they contain. This article explores some interesting facts, statistics, and studies around consumer perception, the potential long-term effects, FDA regulation, and the ongoing efforts to strike a balance between beauty and safety.

Consumer Behaviors & Opinions on Chemicals in Cosmetics

• On average, American women use 12 beauty products a day that contain around 168 chemicals. Source
• American men use an average of 6 cosmetics that contain 85 different chemicals. Source
• 1 in 3 consumers don’t check the ingredients in their cosmetics before buying or using them. Source
• 46% of consumers that regularly wear makeup check the ingredients before purchasing. Source
• 55% of American women believe that the FDA regulates ingredients in cosmetics. Source
• 60% of consumers believe it is very important to tighten controls on chemicals used in cosmetics. Source
• 90% of consumers believe that cosmetic companies should have to alert the FDA if their product has been shown to cause harm. Source

Facts and Figures on Chemicals in Cosmetics

• The FDA bans only 11 chemicals from being used in cosmetics, whereas hundreds and thousands are banned across many other countries. Source
• In the absence of a more extensive FDA ban on chemicals, many major U.S. retailers, including CVS Health, Target, Walgreens, and Wholefoods, are implementing their own store-wide restrictions on specific chemicals used in cosmetics.
• Over 12,000 chemicals are approved for use in the United States. Source
• In December 2022, congress passed a bill to grant the FDA powers to regulate the manufacturing process for cosmetics. Prior to this, legislation had not been updated for personal care products since 1938. Source
• New cosmetics or their ingredients do not need FDA approval before being sold. However, manufacturers will need to register with the FDA from December 2023 onwards and adhere to new requirements as per the new Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA).
• Your forehead, scalp, jaw, ear canal, and armpits are some of the most absorbent body parts (and the scrotum for men).

Studies and Research on Chemicals in Cosmetics

• In 2021, the University of Notre Dame tested 200 cosmetics for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) or “forever chemicals” that are known to contribute to several health problems. Of the lipsticks, foundations, concealers, and eye/brow products that they tested, 47-56% of the different types of make-up products contained high levels of fluorine, indicating the presence of PFAS. Source
• A whopping 82% of mascaras tested in this same study were found to have high levels of fluorine. PFAS are commonly found in long-lasting make-up, such as waterproof mascaras and lipsticks. Source
• The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics lab tested 17 popular brand-name fragrances and found between 7 and 24 hidden chemicals not disclosed on the label. Source
• A study by EWG found 16 different chemicals consisting of phthalates, triclosan, parabens, and musks in the urine of 20 teenage girls. Source
• EWG found that only 25% of cosmetics marketed to black women scored as “low hazard” for potentially harmful chemicals, compared to 40% of products marketed to the general public. Source
• From 2004 to 2017, 4427 cancer-related occurrences associated with cosmetics were reported to the FDA. Source

Why Are Chemicals Used in Cosmetics?

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Chemicals are used in cosmetics for both functional and aesthetic purposes, including:

• Stability and Preservation: Many chemicals, such as preservatives, help extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. This ensures that the products remain safe and effective for longer periods.
• Texture and Consistency: Chemicals like emulsifiers and thickeners are used to create the desired texture and consistency of cosmetic products. They help blend different ingredients together, prevent separation, and provide a smooth and pleasing application experience.
• Enhancing Fragrance: Fragrances are often added to cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience. Chemical compounds are used to create pleasant scents and ensure they last longer on the skin.
• Color and Pigmentation: Chemical colorants are used to add vibrancy and visual appeal to cosmetics. These color additives provide a range of shades and tones in products such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, and blushes.
• Functional Properties: Certain chemicals are incorporated into cosmetics to provide specific functional properties. For example, UV filters protect the skin from harmful sun rays, antioxidants help fight against free radicals, and humectants provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

What Chemicals Should Be Avoided in Cosmetics?

When it comes to cosmetics, there is growing awareness and concern about certain chemicals that may have potential health risks or adverse effects. While cosmetic regulations vary across different countries, here are some commonly mentioned chemicals that consumers may choose to avoid:

• Parabens: These are preservatives used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetics. However, they have been associated with hormone disruption and allergic reactions. Many consumers opt for paraben-free products.
• Phthalates: These chemicals are used to improve the texture and flexibility of cosmetic products. Some studies suggest a potential link between phthalate exposure and reproductive issues. Many individuals prefer phthalate-free cosmetics.
• Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives: These chemicals are used as preservatives in certain cosmetic products. Formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen, and its release from preservatives can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
• Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES): These surfactants are responsible for creating foam and lather in many cosmetic products. However, they can cause skin irritation and dryness in some individuals.
• Synthetic Fragrances: Synthetic fragrances can contain numerous undisclosed ingredients, some of which may cause allergic reactions or respiratory issues. Many people prefer products with natural or fragrance-free alternatives.
• Phenoxyethanol: This preservative is commonly used as an alternative to parabens. However, it can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in certain individuals.
• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): These are commonly used to create long-lasting and smudge-proof formulas. However, there is growing concern about the potential health and environmental impacts of PFAS, including their persistence in the environment and their potential to accumulate in the body.

What Are Some Natural Alternatives To Synthetic Chemicals in Cosmetics?

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With the rise in demand for clean and natural beauty products, cosmetic manufacturers have been exploring a wide range of natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Here are some examples of natural ingredients commonly used in cosmetics:

• Essential Oils: Essential oils extracted from plants are used for their aromatic and therapeutic properties. They can provide natural fragrance, antibacterial benefits, and soothing effects in various cosmetic products.
• Plant Extracts: Plant extracts, such as aloe vera, chamomile, green tea, and calendula, are popular ingredients in cosmetics. They offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and moisturizing properties, making them suitable for skincare and haircare formulations.
• Natural Butters and Oils: Ingredients like shea butter, cocoa butter, coconut oil, and jojoba oil are rich in vitamins, fatty acids, and antioxidants. They are used in moisturizers, lip balms, and hair care products to nourish and hydrate.
• Clay and Mineral Powders: Natural clays, like kaolin and bentonite, are used for their absorbent and cleansing properties. Mineral powders, such as mica and iron oxides, provide natural pigmentation and shimmer to cosmetics.
• Herbal Extracts: Herbal extracts, derived from plants like lavender, rosemary, and ginseng, are incorporated into cosmetics for their various beneficial properties. They can help soothe, rejuvenate, and revitalize the skin.
• Natural Preservatives: Natural preservatives, such as rosemary extract, vitamin E, and grapefruit seed extract, are used to extend the shelf life of cosmetic products without the use of synthetic preservatives like parabens.

These natural alternatives not only offer potential benefits for the skin and hair but also appeal to consumers seeking products with fewer synthetic chemicals. It’s important to note that natural ingredients can still cause allergies or sensitivities, so individuals should be mindful of their personal reactions and consult with healthcare professionals if needed.

Final Thoughts on Chemicals in Cosmetics

For decades, chemicals have played a prominent role in the formulation of cosmetics to achieve the right color, consistency, blend, and overall effect that the health and beauty market demands. However, concerns regarding the safety of these chemicals have prompted a demand for regulatory measures, industry initiatives, and increased consumer awareness.

Some existing cosmetic brands are evolving in line with concerns, while newly emerging cosmetic brands are developing products with 100% naturally derived ingredients. Ultimately, the aim is to create cosmetics that not only make us look good but also prioritize our well-being and the environment.